RMD Calculator
Calculate your required minimum distribution using IRS life expectancy tables.
IRS Uniform Lifetime Table (Selected Ages)
Life expectancy factors for RMD calculation (updated 2024)
| Age | Factor | RMD % of Balance | RMD on $500K | RMD on $1M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 73 | 26.5 | 3.77% | $18,868 | $37,736 |
| 75 | 24.6 | 4.07% | $20,325 | $40,650 |
| 78 | 22.0 | 4.55% | $22,727 | $45,455 |
| 80 | 20.2 | 4.95% | $24,752 | $49,505 |
| 85 | 16.0 | 6.25% | $31,250 | $62,500 |
| 90 | 12.2 | 8.20% | $40,984 | $81,967 |
| 95 | 8.9 | 11.24% | $56,180 | $112,360 |
How We Calculate This
This rmd calculator uses established formulas and industry-standard data to provide accurate estimates.
- Enter your specific values into the calculator fields above
- Our algorithm applies the relevant formulas using your inputs
- Results are calculated instantly in your browser — nothing is sent to a server
- Review the detailed breakdown to understand how each factor affects your result
These calculations are estimates based on standard formulas. For critical decisions, always consult a qualified professional.
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Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) are mandatory annual withdrawals from tax-deferred retirement accounts. This calculator uses the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table to determine your distribution amount: RMD = Account Balance / Life Expectancy Factor.
The basic rule:
- RMD = Prior year-end account balance ÷ IRS life expectancy factor for your age
- RMDs begin at age 73 (for those born 1951-1959) or age 75 (born 1960+) under SECURE 2.0
- If your sole beneficiary is a spouse 10+ years younger, use the Joint Life Expectancy Table for a smaller RMD
- Failure to take your full RMD results in a 25% penalty (reduced from 50% by SECURE 2.0) on the shortfall
RMDs are taxed as ordinary income. Strategic planning — including Roth conversions before RMD age, qualified charitable distributions (QCDs), and timing withdrawals across tax years — can significantly reduce the lifetime tax impact of RMDs.
When Would You Use This Calculator?
This rmd calculator is designed for anyone who needs quick, reliable estimates without complex spreadsheets or professional consultations.
- When you need a quick estimate before committing to a purchase or project
- When comparing different options or scenarios side by side
- When planning a budget and need to understand potential costs
- When you want to verify a quote or estimate you've received from a professional
- When teaching or learning about the concepts behind these calculations
Frequently Asked Questions
When do I have to start taking RMDs?
Under SECURE 2.0: if born 1951-1959, RMDs begin at age 73. If born 1960 or later, RMDs begin at age 75. Your first RMD can be delayed until April 1 of the year after you reach the applicable age, but you will then need to take two RMDs that year (the delayed first one plus the current year's). Roth IRAs have no RMDs during the owner's lifetime.
How is the RMD calculated?
RMD = December 31 account balance of the prior year ÷ IRS life expectancy factor. For example, at age 75 the Uniform Lifetime Table factor is 24.6. If your account balance was $500,000, your RMD would be $500,000 / 24.6 = $20,325. The factor decreases each year, so RMDs as a percentage of your account grow over time.
What is the penalty for missing an RMD?
SECURE 2.0 reduced the penalty from 50% to 25% of the shortfall (the amount you should have withdrawn but did not). If you correct the error in a timely manner, the penalty drops to 10%. If you miss an RMD, file Form 5329 with your tax return and request a penalty waiver — the IRS frequently grants waivers for reasonable cause.
Can I reduce my RMDs?
Several strategies: (1) Roth conversions before RMD age reduce the traditional IRA balance. (2) Qualified Charitable Distributions (QCDs) satisfy your RMD while excluding up to $105,000 from taxable income. (3) If still working, 401(k) funds at your current employer may be exempt from RMDs. (4) Consider the timing of large Roth conversions to manage the tax impact.